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Objective:To investigate the efficacy, safety and common adverse reactions of Apatinib monotherapy in elderly patients with advanced colorectal cancer(CRC)who failed to respond to standard regimens.Methods:This was a retrospective study.A total of 106 elderly patients with advanced CRC who had failed standard regimens from January 2015 to December 2019 were included.Patients enrolled in this study received Apatinib with an initial dosage of 500 mg or 250 mg.The objective response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR)were assessed after treatment with apatinib.The progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)were evaluated during the follow-up period.Additionally, adverse reactions during treatment with apatinib were recorded.Results:The efficacy was assessed by using the best overall response during apatinib treatment.Of 106 patients, there were 9 patients with partial response(PR), 68 patients with stable disease(SD)and 29 patients with progressive disease(PD). The ORR was 8.5% and the DCR was 72.6%.The median PFS was 3.6 months and the median OS was 10.1 months.Relatively common adverse reactions in these patients were hypertension(63 patients, 59.4%)and hand-foot syndrome(HFS)(51 patients, 48.1%)during apatinib treatment.The median PFS of patients with hypertension and of patients without hypertension were 5.0 months and 3.0 months, respectively( P=0.008). The median PFS of patients with and without HFS were 5.4 months and 3.0 months, respectively( P=0.013). Conclusions:Preliminary evidence suggests that Apatinib monotherapy has good efficacy and safety in elderly patients with advanced CRC who have failed standard regimens, and patients with adverse reactions such as hypertension and HSF still have a good prognosis.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between CD4+CD28na cells,oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde(MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods Thirty-two patients with PCOS(PCOS group) and 28 healthy women(control group) were selected.Six ml of peripheral venous blood were taken from each person,3 ml of which were separated and serum was collected.Sex hormone level,C-reactive protein (CRP),SOD and MDA were detected.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the other 3 ml blood by centrifugation,and CD4+CD28null T cell subsets were detected by flow cytometry.The characteristics of each detected index of PCOS patients and healthy controls were compared.Results The proportion of CD4+CD28null T cells in the peripheral blood of the PCOS group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05).The serum CRP and MDA in PCOS group were both significantly higher than that in the control group,and SOD was significantly lower than the control group(P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the expression of CD4+CD28null T cells in the PCOS group was positively correlated with CRP(P＜0.05) and MDA(P＜0.05) and negatively correlated with SOD (P＜0.05).Conclusions Our study shows a disorder of immunoregulatory mechanism represented by abnormal increase of CD4+CD28null T cell expression and an imbalance of oxidative stress in patients with PCOS.The further study of relationship between these two pathophysiological patterns and PCOS may help to elucidate its pathogenesis.
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Objective:Oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 contains tegafur,gimeracil,and oteracil;among them,tegafur is the major active pre-cursor,which is metabolized to 5-fluorouracil by cytochrome P4502A6(CYP2A6).We examined the associations between CYP2A6 poly-morphisms and the treatment outcomes of adjuvant S-1 in patients with gastric cancer.Methods:Two hundred patients diagnosed with pathological stageⅡ-Ⅲgastric cancer were included in this study,and they received adjuvant S-1(40 mg/m2,bid,days 1-28,ev-ery 6 weeks for eight cycles)after curative surgery.Additionally,we analyzed the wild-type allele(W)(CYP2A6*1)and four variant al-leles(V)(CYP2A6*4,*7,*9,and*10).Results:Two hundred patients were enrolled in this study between November 2007 and July 2013.With a median follow-up of 46.4 months(range:12.5-80.1),the 3-year relapse-free survival(RFS)and overall survival(OS)rates were 83.1%(95% confidence interval(CI),77.7%-88.5%)and 94.8%(95% CI,91.6%-98.0%),respectively.However,RFS differed signifi cantly according to the CYP2A6 genotype.The 3-year RFS rates were 95.9% for W/W,83.1% for W/V,and 72.5% for V/V(P=0.032)gen-otypes.Grades 3 and 4 overall toxicity did not differ according to genotype for any grade(P=0.628 and P=0.227,respectively).Conclu-sions:CYP2A6 genotypes correlate with the outcome of S-1 chemotherapy,wherein patients with the variant genotypes show worse prognosis.Additionally,polymorphism detection may be used as a biomarker to guide clinical chemotherapy choices for adjuvant ad-ministration of gastric cancer therapy.
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Objective:To explore the effect of paclitaxel (PTX) and cisplatin (DDP) on the expression of NKG2D ligands of hu-man esophagus carcinoma cell EC9706 and on the cytotoxicity of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, as well as to discuss its molecu-lar mechanisms. Methods: The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of PTX and DDP against EC9706 cells for 24 h were measured by MTT assay. The expression levels of NKG2D ligands (MICA, MICB, ULBP1, ULBP2, and ULBP3) on the EC9706 cell surface before and after 24 h culture with 1/2 IC50 of PTX or DDP were assayed by flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity of CIK cells against EC9706 cells before and after 24 h culture with 1/2 IC50 PTX or DDP was analyzed by lactate dehydrogenase release assay at an effector to target cell ratio (E:T) of 20:1 and 30:1, respectively. The expression levels of DNA damage repair genes (ATM, ATR, CHK1, CHK2, and p53) of EC9706 cells before and after 24 h incubation with 1/2 IC50 PTX or DDP were detected by quantitative fluorescent PCR. Results:The IC50 values of PTX and DDP were 10 and 5μg/mL, respectively. MICB, ULBP2, and ULBP3 on EC9706 cells were upregulated after 24 h culture with 1/2 IC50 PTX (P0.05), whereas ATM, ATR, CHK1, and CHK2 were over-expressed after 24 h treatment with 1/2 IC50 DDP (P<0.05). Conclusion:PTX or DDP can enhance the susceptibility of EC9706 cells to CIK cell-mediated lysis by upregulating the expression of NKG2D ligands through activating DNA damage repair genes.
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Objective To explore the pathogenesis,diagnosis,treatment,and preventive measures of abdominal wall endometriosis.Methods The data of 17 cases of patient who had abdominal incision uterus endometriosis were retrospectively analyzed.Results 14 cases of 17 patients (82％)had the history of once cesarean surgery,2 cases (12％) had the history of two cesarean surgeries,while 1 case(6％) had the history of ovarian endometriosis cystectomy surgery.After surgical resection of the lesions,all of these patients were pathologically confirmed as the abdominal wall incision uterine endometriosis.With postoperative 3-month consolidating treatment of orally taking gestrinone,followed up for 6 months to 4 years,1 patient was lost,while the other 16 patients did not recur.Conclusion Abdominal wall endometriosis is preventable.Surgical treatment and postoperative consolidating treatment of orally taking gestrinone are effective for curing abdominal wall endometriosis.
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Objective: To study the effects of IL-2 and IL-15 on the expression of NKG2D and the cytotoxicity of edited-NK cells against human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2.Methods: NK cells were purified by anti-CD56 MACS and were divided into four groups: non-edited-NK cells group(NK cells treated with 100 U/ml IL-2),edited-NK cells group(NK cells co-cultured with CNE2 cells at a ratio of 10∶1 and then treated with 100 U/ml IL-2),edited-NK cells retreated with 1 000 U/ml IL-2 group,and edited-NK cells retreated with 10 ng/ml IL-15 group.Expression of NKG2D in each group was determined by FACS 24 h later.Cytotoxicity of NK cells against CNE2 cells(NK∶CNE2 being 20∶1) was measured by LDH releasing assay.Results: The expression of NKG2D in non-edited-NK cells,edited-NK cells,edited-NK cells retreated with IL-2,and edited-NK cells retreated with IL-15 were(97.63?0.83)%,(53.50?1.25)%,(94.47?1.00)%,and(98.07?0.21)%,respectively.The expression of NKG2D on edited-NK cells retreated with IL-2 or IL-15 was significantly increased than that on edited-NK cells(P